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Sanitation is the hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human contact with the hazards of wastes. Hazards can be either physical, microbiological, biological or chemical agents of disease. Wastes that can cause health problems are human and animal feces, solid wastes, domestic wastewater (sewage, sullage, greywater), industrial wastes, and agricultural wastes. Hygienic means of prevention can be by using engineering solutions (e.g. sewerage and wastewater treatment), simple technologies (e.g. latrines, septic tanks), or even by personal hygiene practices (e.g. simple handwashing with soap). The term "sanitation" can be applied to a specific aspect, concept, location, or strategy, such as The earliest evidence of urban sanitation was seen in Harappa, Mohenjo-daro and the recently discovered Rakhigarhi of Indus Valley civilization. This urban plan included the world's first urban sanitation systems. Within the city, individual homes or groups of homes obtained water from wells. From a room that appears to have been set aside for bathing, waste water was directed to covered drains, which lined the major streets. Houses opened only to inner courtyards and smaller lanes. Very high infant and child mortality prevailed in Europe throughout medieval times, due not only to deficiencies in sanitation but to insufficient food for a population which had expanded faster than agriculture.[2] This was further complicated by frequent warfare and exploitation of civilians by brutal rulers. Life for the average person at this time was indeed 'nasty, brutish and short.
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Sanitation Subcategories
Sanitation Articles
Affordable Housing
by George Gonigal
May 16, 2008
The housing shortage in urban areas accounts for approximately 24.71 million housing units, according to official estimates. 21% of the total urban population lives in slums and 35% in one room tenements, without adequate basic facilities such as pip...
The African Chain: Children, Education and Sanitation
by Damian Burke
Jan 27, 2008
A chain is only as strong as its weakest link. And in Africa, where life is particularly fragile as it is, there’s no room for weak links. Due to the lack of resources and infrastructure in most African countries, the struggle for life b...
Water Filtration: Infiltrated
by Sheryll Cross
Nov 26, 2007
I’ll focus on earth’s most vital resource---water. Bacterial and chemical contamination, pollution and poor sanitation, these problems are not isolated cases in less developed countries, we too, are in the same predicament. In the situation at hand, ...
Internet based Small Business Management Software from Data Works Solutions helps small businesses s
by Ric Reeder
Aug 21, 2007
DWS BackOffice is an internet based SaaS (Software as a Service) Small Business Management Application. There is no hardware to purchase, no downloads to fuss with,...
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